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INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

Input/Output Devices.

Input/Output devices can be defined as "Input and output devices enable computer to interact with the external world". we can enter data and instructions into the computer with the help of input devices and as a result computer after processing sends the results to the output devices. There are a number of different types of input/output devices are available.

Input Devices.

The devices used to enter data into the computer are called input devices. The most commonly used input devices are given below.

Ø keyboard

Ø Mouse

Ø Microphone

The diagrame shown below tells us the different categories of input devices.

Keyboard.

A keyboard is standard input device used to send instructional data into computer. They keyboard is just like the typewriter machine. The modern keyboard contains some extra command keys and functions keys.

The keys on computer keyboards are classified as follows

Alphanumeric keys

These keys are used to enter alphabets, numbers and other special characters into computer. Alphabet keys consists of A to Z keys containing upper & lower case letters. Numeric keys consists of number keys. These keys starts from 0 to 9.

Numeric keys

Numeric Keys are used to input numbers into the computer. It also contains keys for mathematical operations i.e. addition, multiply, divide etc.

Function Keys

These keys are used to perform different functions depending upon the application. These keys provide shortcuts for doing routine tasks on a computer. these keys are marked from F1 to F12. Usually these functions keys are used with CTRL key, ALT key and SHIFT Key. The combination of these keys results in large number of keyboard shortcuts.

Cursor control keys

Cursor is used to present the position for the keyboard's input command. These are four keys which are used to move cursor left, right, up and down position. Movement of these keys don't fact any character on the screen.

Enter Key:

This key is used to enter commands or to move cursor to the starting point of the next line of a paragraph.

Esc Key:

(Esc mean Escape)... This key is used to close some windows applications.

Delete Key:

This key deletes the character at the current cursor position. It can be used also to delete selected area or object.

Caps Lock Key:

This key changes all alphabetic characters to be uppercase.

End keys:

This key moves the cursor to the end of the line, page or file depending where the cursor is located on the page and on which programe is running.

Ctrl Key

(Ctrl for Control) This key is used in combination with other keys to produce special characters.

Alt Key

(Alt for Alternate). This key is used in combination with other key to produce special characters.

Tab Key..

This key enables the cursor to jump a number of spaces to the right on the screen.

Backspace key:

This key is used to delete the character present at the left of the cursor.

Page up & Page Down.

Often this is abbreviated as “pgup and pgdn”. This is usually used to move the cursor up or down certain fixed number of lines.

Home

This key Moves the cursor to the left starting corner of the line or the beginning of page or file depending where the cursor is and on which programe is running.

Space bar.

Every time when you press space, it moves the cursor one space to the right.

Mouse.

A mouse is an input device that rolls around on a flat surface and controls the pointer on a display screen. The pointer is an on-screen object. Usually an arrow, that is used to select text, access menus, and interact with programes. A typical mouse has tow buttons. Some mouse also contains a scroll wheel which are useful for scrolling through long documents. New mouse is called optical mouse. this type of mouse is getting popular now a days instead of roller ball. To control the movement of pointer on screen it uses light reflection. .

Joystick

Joystick is an input device used for games. It is like a lever that moves in all directions and controls the movement of a pointer. To stop the pointer we must have to return the joystick to its neutral position.

Scanner.

Scanner is also a input device. We can save any image in picture format in our computer. Optical character Recognition software is necessary to read this image and convert it to actual text data and this software varies widely in its ability to do so.

Microphone.

Microphone is an input device. It is used to record audio data. It can be plugged into a computer or recorder.

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HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEM, SERVER SECURITY CERTIFICATE IS NOT YET VALID

Some time you install fresh Operating system in your computer and then you install Browser, google chrome. After installation you try to open gmail, yahoo, or facebook in google chrome but you do not see your required page and see a message “Server Security Certificate is not yet valid”. Then you also try to open the page by clicking on “continue anyway” but the result is same.

Infect this problem occurs due to incorrect date and time of your computer. By synchronizing your system clock you can solve this problem.

I will tell you the best solution of this problem. Just follow these steps and after completion you will be able to login to facebook, yahoo, gmail etc.

Click on Start Menu and then control penal.

Open Date/Time setting

Adjust correct date and time according to your region.

Open "Internet Time Zone" tab.

Click on "Update Now" button. After clicking on button, It will start synchronzing your internet server timing.

After 7-8 seconds you will see a message, "The time has been successfully synchronized with time.windows.com on 07-07-2013 at 5:09PM.

Done

Now try to open facebook, yahoo or gmail in google chrome again. Surely you will login successfully.

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Connect a Laptop or Desktop Computer to a TV Easily

Suppose you wish to watch a movie or share a slide-show of pictures with your family on your PC but have a screen that leaves much to be desired. In such a situation, you can connect your computer to a television screen to allow your entire family to enjoy comfortably.

There are many ways in which you can connect your laptop/ computer to a television. However, the overall video quality will be different for different methods. You can choose which one to use based on the quality or the availability of hardware. The first step is to know what type of ports and connections your TV and computer have. If you already know the type of ports and connections available on your hardware, you can directly jump to Step 2. If not, then the different types of ports are explained in detail below:-

Different types of PC to TV connection ports

1) RCA/Composite: The oldest and the lowest quality connection available. They are the Yellow, Red and White connections most of us are familiar with. Yellow is used for composite video, white for left analog audio and red for right analog audio.

2) S-Video: S-Video or Super Video offers slightly better quality than Composite connections. As it is one of the oldest type of connections available, most televisions and computers have it. There are two types of S-Video ports, one containing 4 pins and the other containing 7 pins. This type of connection is used only for video. So you will need to connect an audio cable from your computer's headphone jack to the red and white audio inputs on your TV if you want audio to work.

3) VGA(Video Graphics Array): Most computers and televisions have a VGA port. It offers much better quality than S-Video and should be preferred if you have a HDTV. Older CRT TVs however, will not have a VGA port and will require a PC to Television converter. Just like S-Video, VGA also does not support audio and will require an additional audio cable.

Different types of connecting cables to connect computers to TVs

4) DVI: Digital Video Interface offers much better quality than VGA connections. Most laptop computers and HD TVs will have these connections. Just as the name suggest, this type of connection can be used only with digital TVs. Also like the previous two, DVI connections also require the use of an audio cable for audio to work.

5) HDMI: The highest quality connections available. Most HD TVs will have this connection, however, chances are that your computer would not. If your computer happens to have a HDMI connection port, this should be preferably used. If your computer doesn't, you can use an HDMI to DVI adapter to convert HDMI to DVI.

Step 2: Once a common type of port between the two devices is recognized, you will need the right connector cable to physically connect them. The different types of connector cables are pictured above. If you do not find two matching types of connection ports, you will need an adapter to make the connections type match.

Step 3: After connecting the two devices, on your TV, select the external input with which your TV is connected to the computer. It may be HDMI1 or AV1 depending on how you have made the connection. This is much similar to how you select input from your DVD player.

If you have followed the steps correctly, your TV should now be displaying your computer's screen.

Important: If your computer is not recognizing the external display, you must connect the TV before starting your computer. If the picture appears distorted, you will need to change the screen resolution of your TV by altering the display settings from your computer. Most older TVs will support only one display resolution while newer TVs will support plenty of them.

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PC Security Tips : Make Computer Secure

Here are some tips which will enable you to make your PC more secure.

Anti-virus

1. Never, ever turn off the resident protection of your antivirus even if it decreases performance. Upgrade if necessary.

2. Keep your virus definitions up-to-date. Use the automatic update feature of your anti-virus and try not to ignore the "Do you want to update now" message however often it might pop up.

3. Even if you update regularly and you have not seen any suspicious activity on your PC, do a deep scan at least once a month.

4. Always create an emergency boot disk and keep it in a safe place.

5. Run a deep scan in safe mode at least once every two months to kill viruses that would otherwise remain hidden.

Firewalls

1. If you are unsure about the alert displayed by your firewall, try searching it on the internet.

2. A firewall is a powerful tool that requires an understanding of how the program works and exactly what it is doing and whether it is secure or not. Reading the help files is extremely important in successful configuration of your firewall.

3. If you are running a third party firewall,be sure to turn off the Windows Firewall.

4. You can temporarily disable a firewall by right clicking the icon in the tray. This is handy when you know a site is one you can trust but your firewall is blocking it. But remember to re-enable it as soon as possible.

5. Read firewall notices carefully when they pop up so that you don't let a bad thing in or prevent good traffic.

Anti-Spyware

1. You should regularly check for updates. Enable the automatic update feature.

2. Remember to do a scan every now and then, or schedule scans if your program allows it. If you don't want to sit that long for scans to complete, use a single folder for all your downloads, then scan only that folder, Windows installation folder and the Registry. Alternately, you can do a quick scan if your program allows it.

Anti-Spam

1. Be patient with anti-spam software, it will get better over time.

2. Even if it looks that your anti-spam software is working great, periodically check the 'Spam' folder for good mail. None of the anti-spam software is perfect right now.

3. Don't give your anti-spam software too much rules, because it will not learn anything then. It is better if it learns on its own.

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Install Windows Xp Faster

In this post I will tell you about installation of win XP in minimum time period. Normally when someone tries to install windows XP on computer, it takes around 30-40 min to complete entire setup. It is too much time to install windows setup. I will tell you a method to install windows more faster. It will take approximately 15 minutes to complete windows installation. So to install win XP in short time please follow these steps.

Power on your computer and start with bootable windows XP cd
In first step window will load installation files.
Select any drive ( C: ) for installation.
Select NTFS to format the partition.
Setup will copy files on this drive and it will try to restart PC.
After restarting when you see Xp logo, press (Shift+F10).
It will open (CMD) prompt.
In CMD prompt type (Taskmgr)
It will open task manager. Now go to “process” tab and find “Setup exe” Right click on setup.exe and select “Set priority”
You will see a submenu. Here priority will be normal. Select priority to (High) or above (Normal).
Done.

This will complete installation process much faster than the normal original time.

Try it….......

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INCREASE Speed Of HARD DISK

It is common observation that some times our computer slows down due to low performance of hard drive. This problem happens due to the slow performance or poor speed of hard drive. When we say about poor performance, actually we mean, poor speed of reading/writing of hard drive. This problem can be solved by increasing the hard drive speed. Follow these steps to solve your problem.

Click Start menu and select run.

Now type (sysedit.exe) in run and press enter.

System configuration editor will appear.

Here you can see some multiple windows but you will select (system.ini).

This window contains a line (386enh)

Now after this line type (irq14=4096)

Now close this window and save it.

Reboot your computer now.

You will surely feel better performance of your computer.

Enjoy.

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Windows XP Secrets

Notepad Secrets

Create a log

Open Notepad
On the very first line, type in ".LOG" (without quotes) then press Enter for a new line
Now you can type in some text if you want, then save the file.
Next time when you open the file, notice its contents. Notepad automatically adds a time/date log everytime you open the file.

Text becomes unreadable

Open Notepad
On the very first line, type in "dont eat the donut" (without quotes) then save and close the file. Note: the file should have only one line of the text above.
Now, open the same file. You'll notice the text becomes unreadable squares. (try this with different text with the same format and length).

Paint Secrets

Create a trail image

Open Paint, then open an image.
Right-click on the image and select "Select All"
Now hold the "Shift" key and move the image around. The image will be drawn with trail.

10x Zoom

Open Paint, then open a small image.
Select the zoom "Magnifier" tool.
Windows Paint lists out the zoom options from 1x to 8x, but there is a 10x...
After selecting the Magnifier tool, point the mouse right at the border line right under "8x" and left-click. There you go.. the hidden 10x.

Other Secrets

Where is the relaxing music that you've heard during Windows XP Installation?

The file is in:
C:\Windows\system32\oobe\images\title.wma

Game Secrets

Solitaire: Instant Win

Press Alt + Shift + 2 to instantly win

Solitaire: Draw only 1 card (instead of 3)

Hold down Ctrl + Alt + Shift then click on unopen cards to draw.

FreeCell: Instant Win

Hold down Ctrl + Shift + F10 while playing, then click Abort.
Now move one card.

FreeCell: Hidden Game Modes

Go to "Game" menu choose "Select Game"
Here you can choose from game mode 1 to 1,000,000. But -1 and -2 will also work (hidden modes)

Hearts: Show All Card

Warning! this requires a modification on your registry. Be sure you follow the steps carefully. Damage your registry might damage your Windows.

Open the "Registry Editor" by: "Start" >> "Run" then type "regedit" and press Enter
Expand to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Applets\Hearts
Right-click on the right panel and create a new String value with the name "ZB"
Double-click to open this key "ZB" to edit its value. Then enter "42" and close the Registry Editor.
Start Hearts and Press Ctrl + Alt + Shift + F12 to show all the cards

Minesweeper: Stop The Timer

When you start to play a new game, the timer is ticking...
Press Windows Key + D to show desktop.
Now come back to the game by selecting it from the taskbar. The timer is stopped.

Pinball

Unlimited Balls: Type bmax at a new game to get unlimited balls (no notification).
Extra Balls: Type 1max at a new game to get extra balls.
Gravity Well: Type gmax at a new game to activate Gravity Well.
Promotion: Type rmax at a new game or while playing to get instant promotion and raising rank.
Extra points with partial shots: Partially shot the ball just to pass the yellow light bars. There are 6 bars. With the first bar, you'll get 15,000 points, 2nd: 30,000,...
Extra points with partial shots: Partially shot the ball just to pass the yellow light bars. There are 6 bars. With the first bar, you'll get 15,000 points, 2nd: 30,000,...
Test Mode: Type hidden test with a new ball or new game. Now you can use your mouse to drag and move the ball where you want.